Extension Black/Red (E) determines whether a horse can produce black pigment.

Agouti (A) is responsible for pushing the black pigment throughout the horse's coat resulting in black legs, mane, tail, and ear tips with a reddish body. A horse that has at least one copy of agouti on a black base will appear bay. Agouti has no effect on red-based horses.

Champagne (CH) is a dilution that affects all coat colors. Champagne foals are born with pink skin and blue eyes that slightly darken with age. Adult champagne horses have a distinct pumpkin colored skin with mottling in the hairless regions, as well as amber/green/tan eyes. Horses with multiple dilutions can be difficult to accurately identify color without genetic testing.

Congential Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB) is characterized by the inability to see well in low light and no-light situations. It is linked to Leopard Complex Spotting (LP), where homozygous horses (LP/LP) will have CSNB. Congential Stationary Night Blindness is present at birth and is non-progressive.

Cream (CR) is a dilution that is characterized by lightening both black-based and red-based horses. A single CR allele lightens red pigment to gold but does not affect Black pigment. Two CR alleles results in extreme dilution of the hair, skin, and eyes of any color, though black-based horses tend to retain more pigment than red-based horses.

Dominant White (Wx) refers to a class of white spotting patterns in which a horse with one copy generally displays markings on 50-100% of the body. Unlike other extreme white patterns, this trait generally leaves the eyes dark.

Dominant White 1 (W1) is found in Franches-Montagnes horses and may result in a mostly white coat.

Dominant White 2 (W2) is found in Thoroughbreds and may result in an extensive to completely white coat.